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The Wason selection task (or ''four-card problem'') is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966.〔Wason, P. C. (1968). Reasoning about a rule. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20(3):273-281.〕〔 〕 It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. An example of the puzzle is: :You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a colored patch on the other side. The visible faces of the cards show 3, 8, red and brown. Which card(s) must you turn over in order to test the truth of the proposition that if a card shows an even number on one face, then its opposite face is red? A response that identifies a card that need not be inverted, or that fails to identify a card that needs to be inverted, is incorrect. The original task dealt with numbers (even, odd) and letters (vowels, consonants). The test is of special interest because people have a hard time solving it in most scenarios but can usually solve it correctly in certain contexts. In particular, researchers have found that the puzzle is readily solved when the imagined context is policing a social rule. ==Solution== The correct response is to turn over the 8 and the brown cards. The rule was "''If'' the card shows an even number on one face, ''then'' its opposite face is red." Only a card with both an even number on one face ''and'' something other than red on the other face can invalidate this rule: * If the 3 card is red (or brown), that doesn't violate the rule. The rule makes no claims about odd numbers. * If the 8 card is brown, that violates the rule. * If the red card is odd (or even), that doesn't violate the rule. The red color is not exclusive to even numbers. * If the brown card is even, that violates the rule. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wason selection task」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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